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(p. 127)
THE mystic title of the celebrated
Hermetic fragment, “Koré Kosmou”–
that is, the “Kosmic Virgin” – is in itself a
revelation of the wonderful identity subsisting between the ancient
wisdom-religion of the old world and the creed of Catholic Christendom. Koré is the name by which, in the Eleusinian Mysteries, Persephone the Daughter, or Maiden, was saluted;
and it is also – perhaps only by coincidence – the Greek word for the pupil or
apple of the eye. When, however, we find Isis, the Moon-goddess and Initiatrix,
in her discourse with Horos, mystically identifying
the eye with the soul, and comparing the tunics of the physical organ of vision
with the envelopes of the soul; when, moreover, we reflect that precisely as the
eye, by means of its pupil, is the enlightener and percipient of the body, so is
the soul the illuminating and seeing principle of man, we can hardly
regard this analogy of names as wholly unintentional and
uninstructive. For Koré, or Persephone, the
Maiden, is the personified soul, whose “apostasy,” or “descent,” from the
heavenly sphere into earthly generation, is the theme of the Hermetic parable. (2) The Greek mysteries dealt only with two subjects, the first
being the drama of the “rape” and restoration of Persephone; the second, that of
the incarnation, martyrdom,
(p. 128)
and resuscitation of
Dionysos-Zagreus. By Persephone was intended the Soul; and by
Dionysos, the Spirit (1) Hermetic doctrine taught a fourfold nature both of the Kosmos and of Man; and of this fourfold nature two elements
were deemed immortal and permanent, and two mortal and transient. The former
were the Spirit and the Soul; the latter, the lower mind – or sense body – and
the physical organism. The Spirit and the Soul, respectively male and female,
remained throughout all the changes of metempsychosis the same, indissoluble and
incorrupt, but the body and lower intellect were new in each re-birth, and
therefore changeful and dissoluble. The Spirit, or Dionysos, was regarded as of a specially divine genesis,
being the Son of Zeus by the immaculate Maiden –
Koré-Persephoneia, herself the daughter of Demeter, or the parent and
super-mundane
(p. 129)
Intelligence, addressed in the
Mysteries as the “Mother.” (1) But Koré,
although thus of heavenly origin, participates more closely than her Son in an
earthly and terrestrial nature. “Hence,” says Proclos,
“according to the theologians who delivered to us the most holy Mysteries,
Persephone abides on high in those dwellings of the Mother which she prepared
for her in inaccessible places, exempt from the sensible world. But she likewise
dwells beneath with Pluto, administering terrestrial concerns, governing the
recesses of the earth, and supplying life to the extremities of the
Kosmos.”
Wherefore, considered as the daughter of Zeus and Demeter,
Koré
is immaculate and celestial in character; considered as the captive and consort
of Hades, she belongs to the lower world and to the region of lamentation and
dissolution. And, indeed, the Soul possesses the dual nature thus ascribed to
her, for she is in her interior and proper quality incorrupt and inviolable –
ever virgin – while in her apparent and relative quality she is defiled and
fallen. In Hermetic fable the constant emblem of the Soul is Water, or the Sea – Maria;
and one salient
reason for this comparison is that water, however seemingly contaminated, yet remains, in its essence, always pure.
For the defilement of so-called foul water really consists in sediments held by
it in solution, and thereby causing it to appear turbid, but this defilement
cannot enter into its integral constitution. So that if the
foulest or muddiest water be distilled, it will leave behind in the cucurbite all its earthy impurities, and present itself,
without loss, clear and lucent in the recipient alembic. Not, therefore,
without cause is the Soul designated “ever virgin,” because in her essential
selfhood she is absolutely immaculate and without taint of sin. And the whole
history of the world, from end to end, is the history of the generation, lapse,
sorrows, and final assumption of this Kosmic
virgin. For the Soul has two modes or conditions of being –
centrifugal and centripetal. The first is the condition of her outgoing,
her immergence in Matter, or her “fall,” and the grief and subjection which she
thereby brings upon herself. This phase is, in the Jewish Kabalah, represented
(p. 130)
by Eve. The second condition is that of her
incoming, her emergence from Matter, her restitution, or glorification in
“heaven.” This phase is presented to us in the Christian evangel and Apocalypse
under the name of Mary. Hence the Catholic saying that the “Ave” of Mary
reverses the curse of Eva.
In perfect accord with Kabalistic doctrine, the allegory of the “Koré Kosmou” thus clearly
indicates the nature of the Soul’s original apostasy; “she receded from the
prescribed limits; not willing to remain in the same abode, she moved
ceaselessly, and repose seemed death.” (1)
In this phrase we have the parallel to the scene represented in the Mysteries,
where Persephone, wilfully straying from the mansions
of heaven, falls under the power of the Hadean God. This, perhaps the most
occult part of the whole allegory, is but lightly touched in the fragmentary
discourse of Isis, and we cannot, therefore, do better than reproduce here the
eloquent exposition of Thomas Taylor on the subject.
“Here, then,” he says, “we see
the first cause of the Soul’s descent, namely, the abandoning of a life wholly
according to the Higher Intellect, which is occultly
signified by the separation of Proserpina from Ceres.
Afterward, we are told that Jupiter instructs Venus to go to her abode and
betray Proserpina from her retirement, that Pluto may
be enabled to carry her away; and to prevent any suspicion in the virgin’s mind,
he commands Diana and Pallas to go in company. The three Goddesses arriving find
Proserpina at work on a scarf for her mother, in which she has
embroidered the primitive chaos and the formation of the world. Now, by Venus,
in this part of the narration, we must understand desire, which, even in the celestial regions
(for such is the residence of Proserpina till she is
ravished by Pluto), begins silently and stealthily to creep into the recesses of
the Soul. By Minerva we must conceive the rational power of the Soul, and by
Diana, Nature. And, lastly, the web in which Proserpina
had displayed all the fair variety of the material world,
beautifully represents the commencement of the illusive operations through which
the Soul becomes ensnared with the fascination of imaginative forms. After this,
Proserpina, forgetful of the Mother’s commands, is represented as
venturing from her retreat through the treacherous persuasions of Venus. Then we
behold her issuing on to the plain with Minerva and Diana, and attended
(p. 131)
by a beauteous train of nymphs, who are evident
symbols of the world of generation, and are, therefore, the proper companions of
the Soul about to fall into its fluctuating realms. Moreover, the design of Proserpina, in venturing from her retreat, is beautifully
significant of her approaching descent; for she rambles from home for the
purpose of gathering flowers, and this in a lawn
replete with the most enchanting variety, and exhaling the most delicious odours. This is a manifest image of the Soul operating
principally according to the natural and external life, and so becoming ensnared
by the delusive attractions of sensible form. Immediately Pluto, forcing his
passage through the earth, seizes on Proserpina
and carries her away with him. Well may the Soul, in such a situation,
pathetically exclaim with Proserpina:
‘O male dilecti fiores, despectaque Matris Consilia; O Veneris deprensae serius artes!’ (1)
Pluto hurries Proserpina
into the infernal regions: in other words, the Soul is sunk into the profound
depth and darkness of a material nature. A description of her marriage next succeeds, her union with the dark tenement of the body.”
To this eloquent exposition of
“We were plucking the pleasant flowers, the beautiful crocus, the iris, the
hyacinth, and the narcissus, which, like the crocus, the wide earth produced.
With joy I was plucking them, when the earth yawned beneath, and out leaped the
strong King, the Many-Receiver, and went bearing me, deeply sorrowing, under the
earth in his golden chariot, and I cried aloud.”
Compare with this Hermetic allegory of the lapse of Persephone and the manner of
it, the Kabalistic story of the “fall” of Eve.
“And she saw that the tree was good to eat, and fair to the eyes, and delightful
to behold; and she took of the fruit thereof and did eat. (...) And to the woman
He said: I will multiply thy sorrows and thy conceptions: in sorrow shalt thou bring forth, and thou shalt
be under thy husband’s power, and he shall have dominion over thee.”
In a note appended to
(p. 132)
quotes from Cocker’s Greek Philosophy the following excellent reflections:
–
“The allegory of the Chariot and Winged Steeds, in Plato’s
Phaedrus, represents the lower or inferior
part of man’s nature (Adam or the body) as dragging the Soul down to the earth,
and subjecting it to the slavery of corporeal conditions. Out of these
conditions arise numerous evils that disorder the mind and becloud the reason,
for evil is inherent to the condition of finite and multiform existence into
which we have fallen. The earthly life is a fall. The Soul is now dwelling in
the grave which we call the body. (...) We resemble those ‘captives chained in a
subterraneous cave,’ so poetically described in the seventh book of The
Republic; their
backs turned to the light, so that they
see
but the shadows of the objects which pass behind them, and ‘to these shadows
they attribute a perfect reality.’ Their sojourn upon earth is thus a dark
imprisonment in the body, a dreary exile from their proper home.”
Similarly we read, in the “Koré Kosmou,” that the souls on learning that they were about to
be imprisoned in material bodies, sighed and lamented, lifting to heaven glances
of sorrow, and crying piteously, “O woe and heartrending grief to quit these
vast splendours, this sacred sphere, and all the
glories of the blessed republic of the Gods to be precipitated into these vile
and miserable abodes. No longer shall we behold the divine and luminous
heavens!”
Who, in reading this, is not reminded of the pathetic lament of Eve on quitting
the fair “ambrosial bowers” of Paradise? (1)
From the sad and woeful state into which the Virgin thus falls, she is finally
rescued and restored to the supernal abodes. But not until the coming of the Saviour, represented in the allegory before us under the
name of Osiris – the Man Regenerate. This Redeemer,
himself of divine origin, is in other allegories represented under other names,
but the idea is always luminously defined, and the intention obvious.
Osiris is the Jesous
of our Christian doctrine, the supreme Initiate or “Captain of Salvation.”
(2)
He is represented, together with his Spouse, as in all
(p. 133)
things “instructed” and directed by Hermes,
famed as the celestial, conductor of souls from the “dark abodes”; the wise and
ubiquitous God in whom the initiate recognises
the Genius of the Understanding or Divine Reason – the nous of Platonic doctrine, and the mystic
“Spirit of Christ.” Therefore, as the understanding of holy things and the
faculty of their interpretation are the gift of Hermes, the name of this God is
given to all science and revelation of an occult and divine nature. A “Divine”
is, in fact, one who knows the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven; hence
With the splendid joyousness and light-hearted humour
which characterised the Greeks, mingling laughter and
mirth even with the mysteries of Religion, and making their sacred allegories
human and musical as no others of any nation or time, Hermes, the Diviner and
Revealer, was also playfully styled a Thief, and the patron of thieves. But
thereby was secretly indicated the power and skill of the Understanding in
making everything intellectually its own. Wherefore, in charging Hermes with
filching the girdle of Venus, the tongs of Vulcan, and the thunder of Jove, as
well as with stealing and driving off the cattle of Apollo, it was signified
that all good and noble gifts, even the attributes of the high Gods themselves,
are accessible to the Understanding, and that nothing is withheld from man’s
intelligence, if only man have the skill to
seek aright.
As the immediate companion of the sun, Hermes is the opener of the gates of the
highest heaven, the revealer of spiritual light and life, the Mediator between
the inner and the outer spheres of existence, and the Initiator into those
sacred mysteries, the knowledge of which is life eternal.
The panoply with which Greek art invests Hermes is symbolical of the functions
of the Understanding. He has four implements – the rod, the wings, the sword,
and the cap, denoting respectively the science of the magian, the courage of the adventurer,
(p. 134)
the will of the hero, and the discretion
of the adept. The initiates of Hermes acknowledge no authority but the
Understanding; they call no man king or master upon earth; they are true
Free-Thinkers and Republicans. “For where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is
liberty.” (1) Hence
Lactantius, in his Divine
Institutions,
says: “Hermes affirms that those who know God are safe from the attacks of the
demon, and that they are not even subjected to Fate.” Now, the powers of Fate
reside in the stars – that is, in the astral sphere, whether
Kosmic
or micro-Kosmic. And the astral power was, in Greek
fable, typified by
(p. 135)
from birth to birth, and outwits death itself with
unerring justice. To the innocent and chaste soul, therefore, the lunar power is
favourable. Artemis is the patron and protectress of virgins – that is, of souls undefined with
the traffic of Matter. (1) In this aspect the Moon is the
Initiatrix, Isis the Enlightener, because through a beneficent Karma, or Fate,
the soul receives interior illumination, and the dark recesses of her chamber
are lit up by sacred reminiscences. Hence, in subsequent births, such a soul
becomes prophetic and “divine.” But to the corrupt and evil-hearted the
influence of the Moon is malignant, for to such she assumes the aspect of Hekate, smiting by night, and terrifying with ghostly omens
of misfortune. These souls fear the lunar power, and in this instinctive dread
may be discerned their secret recognition of the evil fate which they are
preparing for themselves in existences to come. The Tree of Good and Evil, says
the Kabalah, has its root in
Malkuth
– the Moon.
It has been sometimes asserted that the doctrine of Karma is peculiar to Hindu
theology. On the contrary, it is clearly exhibited alike in the Hebrew,
Hellenic, and Christian Mysteries. The Greeks called it Fate; the Christians
know it as Original Sin. With which sin all mortal men come into the world, and
on account of which all pass under condemnation. Only the “Mother of God” is
exempt from it, the “virgin immaculate,” through whose Seed the world shall be redeemed.
“As the lily among the thorns,” sings the Church in the “Office of the
Immaculate Conception,” “so is the Beloved among the Daughters of Adam. Thou art
all fair, O Beloved, and the original stain is not in thee! Thy name, O Mary, is
as oil poured out; therefore, the virgins love thee exceedingly.”
If, then, by Persephone or Koré, the “Virgin of the
World,” we are thus plainly taught to understand the Soul, we are no less
plainly taught to see in Isis the
Initiatrix or Enlightener. Herself, equally with Koré,
virgin and mother, the Egyptian Isis is, in her philosophical aspect, identical
with the Ephesian Artemis, the Greek personification
of the fructifying and all-nourishing power of Nature. She was regarded as the
“inviolable and perpetual Maid of Heaven;” her priests were eunuchs, and her
image in the magnificent
(p. 136)
appears variously, as the huntress,
accompanied by hounds, and carrying the implements of the chase; as the Goddess
of the Moon, covered with a long veil reaching to her feet, and her head adorned
with a crescent; or as the many-breasted Mother-Maid, holding a lighted torch in
her hand. The Latins worshipped her under the name of
Diana, and it is as Diana that the Ephesian
Artemis is mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles. Isis had all the attributes
ascribed to the lunar divinity of the Greeks and Romans; and hence, like Artemis
and Diana, she was identified with the occult principle of Nature – that is,
Fate, which in its various aspects and relations was severally viewed as
Fortune, Retribution, Doom, or Destiny; a principle represented, as we have
already seen, by the Kabalists under the figure of Malkuth,
or the Moon; and by the Hindu theosophists under the more abstract conception of
Karma. The hounds of Artemis, or Diana, are the occult powers which hunt down
and pursue the soul from birth to birth; the inevitable, implacable forces of
Nature which, following evermore on the steps of every ego, compel it into the
conditions successively engendered by its actions, as effect by cause. Hence Actaeon, presuming
upon Fate, and oblivious of the sanctity and inviolability of this unchanging
law of Karmic Destiny, is torn in pieces by his own dogs, to wit, his own deeds,
which by the decree of the implacable Goddess turn upon and rend him. So also,
in accordance with this philosophical idea, those who were initiated into the
mysteries of
(p. 137)
herself is invoked as Diana. Proclos, in the Commentary to which reference has already been made,
declares that “the moon is the cause of Nature to mortals, and the
self-revealing image of the Fountain of Nature.” “If,” says Thomas Taylor, “the
reader is desirous of knowing what we are to understand by the Fountain of
Nature of which the moon is the image, let him attend to the following
information, derived from a long and deep study of the ancient theology, for
from hence I have learned that there are many divine fountains contained in the
essence of the Demiurgus of the world; and that among
these there are three of a very distinguished rank, namely, the fountain of
souls, or Juno (Hera), the fountain of virtues, or
Minerva (Athena), and the fountain of nature, or Diana (Artemis). (...) And this
information will enable us to explain the meaning of the following passages in Apuleius, the first of which is in the beginning of the
eleventh book of his Metamorphoses, wherein the divinity of the moon is
represented as addressing him in this sublime manner: ‘Behold, Lucius, moved with thy supplications, I am present; I, who
am Nature, the parent of things, mistress of all the elements, initial progeny
of the ages, the highest of the divinities, queen of departed spirits, the first
of the celestials, of Gods and Goddesses the sole likeness of all; who rule by
my nod the luminous heights of the heavens, the salubrious breezes of the sea,
and the woeful silences of the infernal regions, and whose divinity, in itself
but one, is venerated by all the earth, in many characters, various rites, and
different appellations. (...) Those who are enlightened by the emerging rays of
the rising sun, the AEthiopians and Aryans, and
likewise the Egyptians, powerful in ancient learning, who reverence my divinity
with ceremonies perfectly appropriate, call me by my true appellation Queen
Isis.” And again, in another place of the same book, he says of the moon: ‘The
supernal Gods reverence thee, and those in the realms beneath do homage to thy
divinity. Thou dost make the world to revolve, and the sun to illumine, thou
rulest the universe and
treadest on Tartarus. To
thee the stars respond, the deities rejoice, time returns by thee, the elements
give thee service.’ For all this easily follows if we consider it as spoken of
the fountain-deity of Nature subsisting in the Demiurgus,
and which is the exemplar of that nature which flourishes in the lunar orb and
throughout the material world.”
Thus enlightened as to the office and functions of
(p. 138)
the Hermetic fragment “Koré
Kosmou” as the exponent of the origin, history, and
destiny of the soul. For she is, in a peculiar sense, the
arbiter of the soul’s career in existence, her guardian and overseer. (1) If Demeter, the Divine
Intelligence, be the Mother of Koré, then Isis is her
foster-mother, for no sooner does the soul fall into generation than
(p. 139)
central figure of the
Bacchic
Mysteries. The Hermetic books admit three expressions of Deity: first, the
supreme, abstract, and infinite God, eternally self-subsistent and unmanifest; secondly, the only-Begotten, the manifestation
of Deity in the universe; thirdly, God in man, the Redeemer, or Osiris. On one of the walls of the Temple of the Sun at Philae, and on the gate of that at
Medinet-Abou, are inscribed these words: “He has made all that is, and
without Him nothing that is hath been made,” words which, fourteen centuries or
more afterwards, were applied by the writer of St John’s Gospel to the Word of
God. The microcosmic Sun, or Osiris, was the image and
correspondence of this macrocosmic Sun; the regenerating principle within the
man, begotten by means of the soul’s experience in Time and Generation. And
hence the intimate association between this regenerating principle by which the
redemption of the individual was effected and the divine power in Nature,
personified by Isis, whose function it was to minister to that redemption by the
ordination of events and conditions appropriate to the soul’s development.
FOOTNOTES
(127:1) Lecture given by Anna Kingsford, on
the 27th April 1885, to the Hermetic Society. I have assumed that this Lecture was written
before and used by Anna Kingsford as her “Introduction” to her and Edward Maitland’s edition of The Virgin of the
World (which was
shortly afterwards published), or that such “Introduction” was written before and used as the basis of this
Lecture. It matters little which of these alternatives was followed. The present
Lecture is taken from the above-mentioned “Introduction.” (See Life of A.K., Vol. II, pp.
226, 227, and 228.) A short
Abstract
of the Lecture was published in Light, 1885, p. 225. – S.H.H.
(127:1) Dr Wilder, in his Introduction to the work of Mr. Thomas Taylor, the Platonist,
entitled
Dissertation on the Eleusinian Mysteries, asserts that the name Koré is also Sanscrit, in that the Hindû
goddess Parasupani, also called
Gorée, is identical with the Koré-Persephoneia
of Hellenic worship. – A.K.
(128:1) In a letter, dated “Christmas 1885,” in the
Theosophist of March 1886 (p. 410), Anna
Kingsford – replying to a critic – says: “That Dionysos-Zagreus personified in [the Greek] Mysteries the
seventh Principle (Hermetically, the Fourth) in the universe, – that is – the
divine and vitalising Spirit, is no surmise or
assumption of mine, but an undoubted fact, placed beyond controversy by the
authorities already mentioned. This Dionysos-Zagreus,
the mystic Dionysos, must not be confounded with the
later god, identified with Bacchus, the son of Semele.
(...) Dionysos represents the Spirit or seventh
Principle (Fourth) whether macrocosmically or microcosmically, and, as such, has
been identified with Osiris, the Egyptian presentation
of the same Principle. And Persephone is alike, in both aspects, greater and
lesser, the Soul. But the Greek mysteries dealt ostensibly with the macrocosmic
presentation of the divine drama, and with its
individual meaning by implication only. Hence Persephone is generally taken to
signify the Soul in her larger acceptation, as ‘Koré
Kosmou,’ and hence also her son Dionysos, represents rather the son of God in the World than
the son of God in
In a further letter, dated and April 1886, in the same Paper (p. 607), Anna
Kingsford – replying to a further criticism by the same writer – says: “I
understand that the Greek Mysteries deal with the Lapse and Rehabilitation of
the Soul (Persephone) and with the Incarnation, Martyrdom, and Resuscitation of
the Spirit (Dionysos) in their macrocosmic sense, and,
only by analogy and implication, with the same mysteries in their microcosmic
sense. The World and Man correspond in all their
parts, hence what is said of one is inferentially
implied of the other. But I think that Osiris always
meant the distinctively human aspect of Dionysos, –
not to be confounded with him, because it would be incorrect to speak of Osiris as the seventh Principle of the World, – but his
analogue, the Only Begotten in Man, – manifested as the Redeemer. Consequently,
Osiris is third in the chronological series, because man is himself the
result of the evolution of the world and not coeval with it. I do not know that
any precisely equivalent Persona of Dionysos is to be found in the Egyptian Pantheon. I know
that some writers affirm him to be of Egyptian origin, but the question needs to
solve it more erudition than I possess. At any rate, I feel pretty sure the
equivalent cannot be sought in Osiris, for Osiris is clearly the analogue of the Christian Christ, not
of the Kabalistic Adonai.” – S.H.H.
(129:1) The Spirit, under the came of Atman, is the
chief topic of Hindû esoteric philosophy, the
Upanishads being exclusively devoted to it. They ascribe to Atman the qualities
of self-subsistence, unity, universality, immutability, and incorruptibility. It
is independent of Karma, or acquired character and destiny, and the full
knowledge of it redeems from Karma the personality informed of it. Atman is also
the all-seeing; and. as the Mantras
say, He who recognises the universe in his own Atman,
and his own Atman in the universe, knows no hatred. – A.K.
(130:1) I substitute the singular for the plural
number, but this alters nothing in the sense. – A.K.
(131:1) “O flowers fatally dear,
and the Mother’s counsels despised! O cruel arts of crafty Venus!”
(132:1)
(133:2) In a note to the Definitions of Asclepios, Anna Kingsford
says: “Osiris is the reflection and counterpart in
Man, of the supreme Lord of the Universe, the ideal type of humanity; hence the
soul, or essential ego, presenting itself for judgment in the spiritual world,
is in the Egyptian Ritual of the Dead described as ‘an Osiris.’ It is to this Osiris, or
king within us, our higher Reason, the true Word of God, that we owe perpetual
reverence, service, and faithful allegiance” (The Virgin of the
World, p. 113).
– S.H.H.
(134:1) “Follow no man,” said John Inglesant’s adviser – “there is nothing in the world of any
value but the Divine Light – follow it.” – A.K.
(135:1) Virgins’ are souls which, being perfectly
spiritualised, retain no taint of materiality” (C.W.S., Pt. I. No. xxxix).–
S.H.H.
(138:1) In a letter, dated “Christmas 1885,” in the
Theosophist of March 1886 (p. 410), Anna
Kingsford – replying to a critic – says: “Isis never represented the Soul or
sixth Principle (third) of the universe, but the eighth sphere; not properly a
Principle but an influence. (...) If, as is certain,
In a further letter, dated 2nd April 1886, in the same Paper (p. 607), Anna
Kingsford – replying to a further criticism by the same writer – says: “Where I
say that Isis is ‘not properly a Principle,’ I mean, of course, as I thought
would be clearly understood, not one of the seven Principles which make up the
microcosm (Man) or the macrocosm (World) if from the term ‘World’ the satellite
of the earth be excluded.” –S.H.H.
(139:1) Besides the translation of the Hermetic Fragment, Koré Kosmou. in The Virgin of the World, to which reference has been made (p. 127, ante), but which has long been out of print, there is a translation of it by G.R.S. Mead in his Thrice Greatest Hermes Vol. III, p. 93), with an interesting commentary thereon. – S.H.H.
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